Heat exchanger is the equipment which is used to reduce temperature of one process fluid, which is desired to cool, by transferring heat to another fluid which is desired to heat with or without intermixing the fluid or changing the physical state of the fluid. This can be accomplished without a dramatic increase in surface area. If the heat exchanger is located at the inlet or discharge of a blower with a pulsating flow, such as a roots type rotary lobe blower, the heat exchanger must be protected from the pulsation by a chambered silencer. This stackedplate arrangement can be more effective, in a given space, than the shell and tube heat exchanger. Plate heat exchangers, heat exchanger, air cooled heat exchangers. Since the fluid flows continuously in one single channel the force of the fluid acts against. This type of exchangers consists of tubes which are bent in the form of a u. Heat exchangers are devices used to transfer heat between two or more fluid streams. This storage type heat exchanger is also referred to as a regenerative heat exchanger,or simply as a regenerator. However, the lower cost for the single tubesheet is offset by the additional costs incurred for the bending of. A computer program in matlab has been written for shell and tube heat exchanger design.
There is only one tubesheet in a utube heat exchanger. Plate type heat exchanger one is composed of multiple, thin, slightlyseparated plates that have very large surface areas and fluid flow passages for heat transfer. A fluid entering the tubes is heated by steam condensing in the single pass shell. The fluid flowing inside the tubes is called the tube side fluid and the fluid flowing on the outside of the tubes is the shell side fluid. This is almost the same type of heat exchanger as the first bem, the removable cover allows the inside of the tubes to be inspected and cleaned without unbolting the piping. Heat exchangers are devices that regulate efficient heat transfer from one fluid to another. The utube head u is a very simple design requiring a bundle of u tubes. Due to the high heat transfer efficiency of the plates, plate type heat exchangers are usually very small when compared.
Diagram of utube heat exchanger alternative approaches involve the design of a utube bundle so that each tube can inpendently expand and contract as needed or by using a rear floating internal tube sheet design which allows the entire bundle as a unit to expand and contract. A computer program in matlab has been written for shell and tube heat. Heat exchanger and its types engineering solutions. And the u tube heat exchanger bending radius should not less than two times the outer diameter of the heat exchanger tube. The shellandtube heat exchanger is composed of a shell containing a large number of tubes. Theory and application two fluids, of different starting. Basco whitlock type st utube heat exchanger api heat. However, the term is commonly used to equipment in which two process streams exchange heat with each other. Effectively design shellandtube heat exchangers torr. Most u tube bundle heat exchanger are either 1, 2, or 4 pass designs on the tube side. Heat exchangers 73 individual thermal resistances of the system. Plate type heat exchangers are not widely used because of the inability to reliably seal the large gaskets between each of the plates. The heat exchanger must be isolated from system vibrations using flexible piping connections and isolation pads on the mounting feet.
For the shellandtube heat exchangers of type bcf horizontal installation there is an ec type approval test pursuant to module b of pressure equipment directive 97 23 ec according to which these types can be supplied with ce marking. The final heat exchanger configuration will depend on what we select. There are different types of compact heat exchanger design available. Return temperatures t h,o and t c,o of the hot and cold water heat flow rate q overall heat transfer coefficient u objectives. As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell a large pressure vessel with a bundle of tubes inside it. As the uks largest finned tube manufacturer and supplier of plain heat exchanger tubes for over 35 years we have developed a large network of contacts within the heat exchanger tube business. Shellandtube heat exchangers funke warmeaustauscher. These resistances include the film coefficients, the metal thermal conductivity, and fouling considerations. Sandviks heat exchanger tube program includes imperial and metric sizes, from outside diameter 12 mm up to 40 mm 0. Multitherm can duplicate any obtainable bundle to include dimensions, materials and performance.
It is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large chemical processes. Pdhonline course m371 2 pdh shell and tube heat exchangers. This constraint directly translates to increasing the overall heat transfer coefficient, u. Floating head versus u tube heat exchanger chemical. If it is too high, revise the heat exchanger configuration until the pressure drop is acceptable. The tubes can also be straight, with one or two passes. The floatinghead heat exchanger is the most versatile. The precise calculation of u from the transport relationships accounts for all of the resistances to heat transfer. As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell a large vessel with a bundle of tubes inside it. For example, this means that a tema heat exchanger type nen will not require a floating head or torispherical head, elements that are also described in this document for the cases which do required them.
Constructed in accordance with asme code, section viii, division 1, these heavy duty u tube heat exchangers have builtin protection against damage caused by the inherent forces which occur during heating and cooling as the vessel thermally expands and contracts. Both the type 500 and hubdesign are available in utube configurations. Pdf heat exchanger types and classifications researchgate. Heat exchanger tubes u bend tubes u bent tubes profins. Combining each of these resistances in series gives. Here, the 17 is the shell inside diameter, the 192 is the tube length in inches, and the cen refers to. Classification of heat exchangers according to the following criteria. This construction permits ample expansion or contraction for wide temperature variations.
The su heat exchanger is an instantaneous type, designed to heat liquids with steam. Shell and tube heat exchangers basic calculations pdh online. However, to address the very basic of needs for industrial heating and cooling applications, the model bws and bw utube heat exchangers offer highly standardized construction. U tube, single pass straight and two pass straight heat exchanger. Diagram of u tube heat exchanger alternative approaches involve the design of a u tube bundle so that each tube can inpendently expand and contract as needed or by using a rear floating internal tube sheet design which allows the entire bundle as a unit to expand and contract. The most basic and the most common type of heat exchanger construction is the tube and shell, as shown in figure 1. If the tube is curved, with the shape of a u, it is called a utube. As the name implies, the tubes of a utube heat exchanger figure 3 are bent in the shape of a u. Utube design type su, wu, htwu, dsu, dwu, dtc xylem. Tema stands for tubular exchangers manufacturers association and is a set of standards that were developed by leading shell and tube manufacturers. It is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large chemical processes, and is suited for higherpressure applications. These standards define the style of heat exchanger and the machining and assembly tolerances. Available as b300s for steam applications or b300w for water applications. Shell and tube heat exchanger design calculations to find the required heat transfer area can be done if the needed rate of heat transfer from one fluid is known along with the desired inlet and outlet temperatures of the other fluid and an estimate for the overall heat transfer coefficient.
Channel with removable cover, one pass shell, fixed tubesheet bonnet. The term heat exchanger applies to all equipment used to transfer heat between two streams. The heat transfer surface is a surface of the exchanger core that is in direct contact with. There is only one tubesheet in a u tube heat exchanger.
A heat exchanger system consisting of a bundle of u tubes hairpin tubes bounded by a shell outer vessel. The first type of a heat exchanger is called the recuperative type, in which heat are exchanged on either side of a dividing wall by fluids. You will investigate effects of these variables on the following performance indicators. E1mnl032a design and rating of shell and tube heat. Types of heat exchangers shell and tube, plate type. Most shellandtube heat exchangers have multiple passes to enhance the heat transfer. The plateandframe heat exchanger design consists of stacked of.
For shellandtube exchangers, the area is usually the outside surface of. A shell and tube heat exchanger is a class of heat exchanger. R sekulib university of kentucky introduction a heat exchanger is a device that is used for transfer of thermal energy enthalpy between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluid, or between solid particulates and a. Tube side velocity can initiate corrosion on the inside of bends. Different types of shell and tube designs are possible.
Api heat transfer manufactures several variations of utube heat exchangers. A heatexchanger system consisting of a bundle of u tubes hairpin tubes bounded by a shell outer vessel. A typical process industry shelland tube exchanger has a surface area density of less than 100 m2m 3 on one fluid side. The heart of the heat exchanger contains a fully welded circular plate pack made by pressing and cutting round plates and welding them together. Tubular exchanger manufactures associationtema is the most. In a single pass heat exchanger, the fluid goes into one end of a tube and out the other. Classification according to design or type tubular plate type extended surface regenerative phe spiral plate coil printed circuit gasketed welded brazed doublepipe shelland tube spiral tube pipe coils crossflow to tubes parallel flow to tubes platefin tube fin ordinary separating wall heat pipe wall rotary fixedmatrix rotating hoods. Increasing heat exchanger performance usually means transferring more duty or operating the exchanger at a closer temperature approach. U tube bundle heat exchanger can be used to boil water recycled from a surface condenser into steam to drive a turbine to produce power. Shell and tube heat exchangers are very commonly used as preferred heat transfer equipment in the process industry. Elements should be selected according to the needs and requirements specified in the data sheet. Other national or international design regulations e.
The su can also be used as a converter for use with radiation, radiant panels and snow melting systems. Heat exchangers are used to transfer heat between two sources. Classification according to design or type tubular platetype extended surface regenerative phe spiral plate coil printed circuit gasketed welded brazed doublepipe shellandtube spiral tube pipe coils crossflow to tubes parallel flow to tubes platefin tubefin ordinary separating wall heatpipe wall rotary fixedmatrix rotating hoods. We supply both seamless and welded tubes in carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, nonferrous alloys, nickel alloys and titanium. Estimate the pressure drop across the heat exchanger.
The heat exchanger discussed in this manual has been carefully assembled and factory tested to provide years of troublefree service. Less number of tubes can be fixed on tube sheet because of u bends. Heat exchangers jordan university of science and technology. Thus, utube heat exchangers should not be used for services with a dirty fluid inside tubes. Shell and tube heat exchangers page 4 of 30 mnl 032a issued 29 august 08, prepared by j. Although the su is used for heating many types of fluids, its widest application is for heating water. As the name implies, the tubes of a u tube heat exchanger figure 3 are bent in the shape of a u. U tube heat exchanger has many advantages, anson manufactures 1, 2, 4 pass u tube heat exchanger according to asme, tema, api. U tube heat exchanger usually designed according to the asme code, section viii, division 1. Pdf a heat exchanger is a heat transfer device that exchanges heat. However, the lower cost for the single tubesheet is offset by the additional costs incurred for the bending of the tubes and the somewhat larger shell diameter due. Therefore a plate type heat exchanger, as compared to a similarly sized tube and shell heat exchanger, is capable of transferring much more heat.
Tube inner surface can be cleaned by chemical means onlyindividual tube replacement is difficult. This high load u tube heat exchanger can prevent the stress damage caused by container inflation during the process of heating or. A shell and tube heat exchanger is a class of heat exchanger designs. Plate heat exchangers, heat exchanger, air cooled heat. The tube bundle is of u bend construction with tube ends expanded into a stationary tube sheet. The two most common heat exchanger design problems are those of rating and sizing. To operate continuously and within a desired temperature. Here is an example of a 12 1 shell pass and 2 tube passes heat exchanger. U tube bundle heat exchanger which typically have u tubes. This is the same type of heat exchanger as above, but with one tube pass. A compact heat exchanger is a device characterized by a high heat transfer area per unit volume more than 300 m2m3. As the uks largest finned tube manufacturer and supplier of plain heat exchanger tubes for over 35 years we have developed a large network of contacts within the heat exchanger tube business we supply both seamless and welded tubes in carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, nonferrous alloys, nickel alloys and titanium. Nde technologies for the examination of heat exchangers. Due to the high heat transfer efficiency of the plates, plate type heat exchangers are usually very small when compared to a tube and shell type heat exchanger with the same heat transfer capacity.
This type of heat exchangers consists of metal tubes passing through another metal enclosure, which is referred to as the shell. Tube side passes can not be increased or decreased. Make an initial estimate of the overall heat transfer coefficient, u, based on the. Jun 22, 2018 plate type heat exchanger one is composed of multiple, thin, slightlyseparated plates that have very large surface areas and fluid flow passages for heat transfer. This is due to the larger area the plates provide over tubes. As you can see, in a 12 heat exchanger, the tube side fluid flows the entire length of the. M bergender, flux leakage examination of ferrous heat exchanger tubing, scientific technology, june 1986.
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